This Node.js tutorial introduces the `require()` function. The tutorial explains how to modularize JavaScript code by creating separate files (e.g., `methods.js`). An example shows creating a `methods` object containing functions like `updateServer`, `eatCookies`, and `nodejsIsAwesome`. The `require()` function allows accessing these functions from other files, enhancing code organization and reusability. This improves upon previous tutorials that only covered basic console logging and arithmetic operations within a single file.