This video introduces eight essential design patterns every developer should know. It starts by explaining the concept of design patterns, categorized into creational, structural, and behavioral patterns. The first pattern discussed is the Factory pattern, which simplifies object creation. Just as you order a burger at a restaurant without worrying about the ingredients, a factory class can instantiate different types of objects (like burgers) based on your input. This pattern hides the complexity of object creation, allowing you to easily create different variations of the same object, much like ordering different types of burgers from a restaurant.